The Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) played a significant role during World War II, particularly in the context of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), which is often considered the beginning of World War II in Asia.
Key Points in ROCAF History During WWII:
Formation and Early Years
The ROCAF was formed by the Kuomintang (KMT) after the establishment of the Aviation Ministry in 1920.
As tensions with Imperial Japan escalated in the 1930s, various regional air units were integrated into the centralised command of the ROCAF.
Major Engagements
The ROCAF participated in significant battles such as the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, providing close-air support and engaging in attacks on Japanese warships along the Yangtze River.
The ROCAF’s initial lineup included aircraft like the Curtiss Hawk II, Hawk III, Boeing P-26C/Model 281, and Fiat CR.32, which engaged Japanese fighters and bombers in numerous air battles.
International Support
The ROCAF received support from the Soviet Union following the Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1937, including aircraft like the Polikarpov I-16.
The famous “Flying Tigers,” a group of American volunteer pilots led by Claire Lee Chennault, also supported the ROCAF in its efforts against Japanese forces.
Challenges and Achievements
Despite being outnumbered and facing a technologically superior enemy, the ROCAF managed to achieve several notable successes, including the world’s first dogfight between all-metal monoplane fighters.
The ROCAF also conducted long-distance bombing raids over Japan, although these were more symbolic than strategically impactful.
The efforts of the ROCAF during World War II were crucial in the broader context of China’s resistance against Japanese aggression, and their legacy continues to be remembered today.
Aces
Several pilots from the Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) distinguished themselves during World War II.
Here are a few notable ones:
Gao Zhihang
Achievements
Known as the “Father of the Chinese Air Force,” Gao Zhihang was a leading ace pilot who achieved significant victories against Japanese forces.
He is celebrated for his bravery and skill in aerial combat.
Legacy
Gao’s leadership and combat prowess inspired many young pilots in the ROCAF.
Liu Chi-Sheng
Achievements
Liu was one of the top aces of the ROCAF, credited with multiple aerial victories.
He played a crucial role in several key battles, including the defence of Wuhan.
Legacy
His contributions were vital in boosting the morale of Chinese forces during the war.
Arthur Chin
Achievements
Born in the United States, Arthur Chin volunteered to fight for China and became one of the first American aces in World War II.
He flew numerous missions and was highly decorated for his bravery.
Legacy
Chin’s story is a testament to international solidarity and the global fight against fascism.
John Wong Pan-Yang
Achievements
Wong was another prominent ace who achieved several aerial victories. He was known for his exceptional flying skills and tactical acumen.
Legacy
His efforts were instrumental in several successful air operations against Japanese forces.
These pilots, among others, played crucial roles in the ROCAF’s efforts during World War II, demonstrating remarkable courage and dedication.
Sources
Development of Chinese Nationalist Air Force (1937–1945): Flying Tigers.
A History of Chinese Aviation, Encyclopaedia of Aircraft and Aviation in China until 1949-Lennart Anderson.
China and Japan at War 1937 – 1945, Images of War-Philip S. Jowett.
Encyclopaedia of Chinese Aircraft, Vol.1-WEI GANG, CHEN YING MING & ZHANG WEI.
